Uncategorized Archives - ติดตามข่าวสารรถยนต์

Keeping Yeast From Getting The Best Of You

by Josueกรกฎาคม 25, 2021

TIP! If you go to the sauna or pool a lot, take off your wet clothes pronto. Avoid wearing any wet clothing as it can promote yeast growth.

Many women have yeast infections. By learning more about them, women can learn how to quickly and effectively treat themselves. The following article offers many great information to help them do just that.

Remove wet clothing right away.Wearing damp clothing is a way to encourage the growth of yeast. Dry off completely before you change your clothes.

Yeast Infections

TIP! If you think you may be suffering with a yeast infection, see your doctor. Medication is necessary in many cases so do not delay in getting the medical help you need.

Dry yourself with a clean towel after you shower in order to prevent yeast infections.Water is a primary cause of many yeast infections. If there is no moisture present, yeast infections will have less of a chance to develop.

TIP! Things that are scented or caustic should be avoided. Douches and scrubs are used often by many.

Stress is something you should avoid if you want to avoid a yeast infection. Stress has a dramatically negative impact on the immune system works and that can make it less effective at dealing with infections during your day to day life.

TIP! Acidophillis is highly beneficial. Acidophilus is a good type of bacteria found in most yogurts (check labels) and can be eaten or applied to the vagina to help prevent and stop yeast infections.

Cotton underwear is the way to go when trying to prevent yeast infection. Silky underwear looks and feels nice, but they can lead to problems. The cotton allows your vagina.This can actually prevent a yeast infections from occurring in the first place.

TIP! Perfumes are very bad for your vaginal area. Scented sprays and soaps can be irritating and augment your probabilities of getting yeast infections.

Avoid undergarments made of lace and other synthetic underwear as they make you more prone to a yeast infection.Cotton wicks away moisture and heat, whereas fancy lace and nylon panties will hold your body’s moisture inside.This helps breed yeast overgrowth and makes way for another infection.

Birth Control

TIP! If you get yeast infections a lot, make sure you introduce probiotics to your diet. Probiotics like acidophilus, found in yogurt culture, help your body to maintain a good balance of biotic levels and significantly decrease your chances of developing a yeast infection.

Avoid using diaphrams and condoms along with cream for the infection. The cream treatments for yeast infections diminish the effectiveness of many birth control methods. Avoid sexual intercourse until the yeast infection has gone away. If this is not possible, speak to your physician about birth control options.

TIP! Douching can aggravate or cause a yeast infection so try not to do it often. While your vagina does need to be clean, a douche is not the way to do it.

Practice proper hygiene to ward off yeast infections.Wash your …

How To Cure Your Persistent Yeast Infections

by Josueกรกฎาคม 24, 2021

TIP! After doing any activity that works up a sweat, make sure you change your clothes promptly. This is very beneficial in avoiding a yeast infection, as you eliminate the yeast-friendly environment.

Many people have to deal with yeast infection at one time or another.They have a way of appearing when least expected. They are irritating and speaking with others about them can even embarrass you. There are ways in which you can try to cure your yeast infection. There are even things you can do to prevent them from recurring.

Remove all wet clothing immediately after swimming. Wearing moist clothing is a way to encourage yeast growth. Dry yourself thoroughly before you put on dry clothing.

Stress is something that can cause yeast infections.Stress has a dramatically negative impact on the immune system and that can make you more susceptible to developing infections.

Immune System

TIP! Try eating yogurt. If you feel some yeast infection symptoms like itching or burning, try eating yogurt.

Make sure to get enough rest. Your immune system is the best defense against a crucial role in preventing infections. Not getting the proper amount of sleep will negatively impact your immune system.Try to retain a normal sleep schedule, and avoid exercising or drinking caffeine before bedtime to get some quality sleep.

TIP! If you develop a yeast infection during each menstrual cycle, then take direct action in advance of your period. You should start taking two acidophilus tablets both before and after your period.

If you find that you get a yeast infection every time you get your period, you need to take proactive action. Take an acidophilus tablets before and after your period. You will find that the symptoms are substantially eased or even eradicated. This act of being proactive action allows you to take charge to keep infections at bay.

TIP! Increase prevention activities if you are on antibiotics. Antibiotics are a great fix for harmful biotics, but they can also reduce healthy ones too.

Be careful of cuts or scratches. Any small perforations in that area can put you more likely to get a greater risk for yeast infection. Sexual intercourse and tampons can be the cause of these kinds of abrasions. Be careful in both situations. Avoid rough sex if you suffer from chronic yeast infections.

TIP! Avoid tight-fitting clothing whenever possible, especially skinny jeans. Skinny jeans may look cute, but they will worsen your symptoms.

Wash your vagina with soap that is made for that area. You can find these on the market with a local health store. These soaps have been specifically designed not to strip the irritating effects. Using these over regular soaps will keep yeast infection.

TIP! If you begin to develop yeast infections after starting a new hormonal contraceptive, that could be the trigger. Contraceptives like birth control pills have a lot of estrogen in them which messes with the natural vaginal pH balance at times.

If you suffer from recurring yeast infections, you need to …

How To Successfully Treat, A Yeast Infection

by Josueกรกฎาคม 23, 2021

TIP! Remove all wet clothing right away. Avoid clothing that is still wet, as that promotes ideal conditions for the growth of yeast.

Yeast infections inevitably happen, though they are quite common. Not understanding yeast infections can make you irritated; however, but they can be dealt with. This article will provide you with some sound advice for good.

Always wear fresh clothing on hand if you perform any exerting activities.This will help keep your skin dry and cool and may prevent future yeast infection.

Scented Products

TIP! Each night, have a warm bath with cider vinegar (two cups) in it. Vinigar can reduce the yeast by balancing your vagina’s pH level.

Avoid anything scented products near or in the genital area. Scented products can be irritating and augment your risk of getting yeast infections. It is particularly imperative that scented tampons are not used as they come in direct contact with vaginal tissue. Avoid the dyes present in many colored toiletry paper.

TIP! When you have a lot of yeast infections, bubble baths and perfumed soaps are a bad choice. These scents can cause more bacteria on your skin, and yield an infection.

Avoid diaphragms and condoms along with cream for the infection. The treatment cream can impact the effectiveness of many birth control solutions. Avoid having sex until your yeast infection has gone away. If that is unrealistic, speak with a physician to determine the best possible birth control option.

TIP! To help you avoid getting yeast infections, it is best that you take care of yourself and have good hygiene habits. Wash the genital area thoroughly, being sure to clean all areas and folds of skin.

Try increasing your yogurt if you are prone to yeast infections. Yogurt has probiotics and cultures that give you healthier vaginal flora back in balance. You can stay healthier and steer clear of infections by eating a yogurt a day.

Healthy Bacteria

TIP! A great way to kill bacteria in your body is with the use of tea tree oil. Combine some of this with some sweet almond oils, and apply topically to your vaginal area.

If you start feeling some of the symptoms of a yeast infection, like itching or burning, eat some yogurt. The acidophilus it contains returns the healthy bacteria which are excellent for battling an oncoming infection. This gives your body the healthy bacteria can help fight off a yeast infection and will make it go away quicker.

Eating foods that are too much sugar could cause these frequent infections. If this is the case, eat more nuts, nuts and fruits instead.

TIP! Make sure you take more precaution to stay clear from yeast infections. Antibiotics are the standard remedy for viruses and bacteria; however, they can also have an impact on the natural bacteria found in the vagina.

Probiotics should be included in your diet if you get regular yeast infection. Acidophilus is a type of healthy bacteria in yogurt which can keep yeast infections away. Probiotics …

Everything That You Must Know When Dealing With Yeast Infection

by Josueกรกฎาคม 22, 2021

TIP! After high-energy activities, change your clothes. This helps a lot, because a hot and sweaty environment is a yeast infection’s best friend.

Yeast infections affect many people suffer from. They appear when you are least convenient. They are irritating and sometimes embarrassing. There are ways in which you can try to cure your yeast infection. There are things that you can take to keep them from occurring in the first place.

TIP! Stress is something that can also make you more prone to getting a yeast infection. Stress can hamper your immune system, leaving you vulnerable to infections of all kinds, including yeast infections.

This kind of environment can make a yeast growth. Wear clothing that’s made of cotton or other natural fibers. These materials are more breathable fabrics. Stay away from spandex, nylon or Lycra.These types of materials trap humidity and do not allow the skin to breathe.

TIP! If you think you are suffering from a yeast infection, get to your physician as quickly as you can to start treatment. Your best course of action is to seek treatment sooner rather than later.

If you are likely to get yeast infections repeatedly, you might have to reconsider bath products you use. Stay away from cleaners that feature dyes or fragrances. They change your pH and can cause an infection. Try using extreme products instead of these highly perfumed ones.

TIP! Try to stay away from douching. You might think douches are cleansers, but they can actually cause harm by throwing your body off balance.

You may think these get you clean, but you need the bacterias that you are washing away. By disrupting natural bacterial balance because of external reasons, you may get more yeast infections. It is enough to just wash this area with water and water.

Birth Control

TIP! Avoid scented soaps and bubble baths if you are troubled by yeast infections. The perfumes used on these products can promote yeast infections.

Avoid using diaphrams and condoms along with cream for the infection. The treatment cream can impact the effectiveness of many birth control solutions. Avoid sexual intercourse until your yeast infection has cleared up.If you can’t refrain from sexual activity, discuss the appropriate method of birth control with your doctor.

TIP! A great natural remedy for yeast infections is tea tree oil. Make a mixture of tea tree oil and sweet almond oil to apply to the affected area.

Avoid perfumed soaps and bubble baths in order to avoid yeast infections. These products contain scents that cause organisms that cause yeast flourish and increase the chances of getting an infection. Also avoid scented pads and tampons; they can cause yeast infections in the vaginal area.

TIP! Once you’ve dealt with yeast infection more than once, take a look at your eating habits as they may be the cause. Foods high in sugar create an environment conducive to yeast infections.

Dilute it in water and apply to the infected area. If you don’t dilute the …

Things You Could Do To Fight Yeast Infection

by Josueกรกฎาคม 21, 2021

TIP! Any time that you work out or spend time outside in the heat, you need to change into clean undergarments afterward, and try to take a shower. This will help keep your skin dry and cool and may prevent future yeast infections.

Yeast infection is not the course of day-to-day conversation. The two things about these infections that must be known are treating it and how to avoid recurrence. Here is some helpful tips for you.

Always have fresh clothing after physical activity. This will help keep your skin dry and cool and may prevent future yeast infection.

TIP! Avoid stress to prevent getting yeast infections. Your immune system is heavily affected by stress, so it’s important you relax as much as possible, giving your body the ability to fight off yeast infections.

This kind of environment can make a yeast infection more likely. Choose clothes that are created out of cotton or similar materials.This fabric breathes and reduces sweating. Avoid synthetic material like Lycra, Lycra and nylon. These materials can trap in sweat and humidity.

TIP! Whenever possible, wear panties made from cotton. Although silky underwear or tights might look great to wear, they may contribute to conditions suitable for an infection.

Eat more garlic and garlic.Garlic is a great food for reduction and prevention in treating yeast and prevent infections. You can find garlic pills at a health food retailer or at your breath won’t smell.

Immune System

TIP! If you suffer from chronic yeast infections, try eating more yogurt. Yogurt has a lot of cultures and probiotocs and those can help fight off things like imbalance and create a vaginal flora that’s healthier.

Make sure to get enough rest. Your immune system can go a long way in preventing infections. Not getting the proper amount of sleep will negatively impact your immune system.Try to retain a normal sleep schedule, and do your best to relax and unwind before bed.

TIP! At nighttime, run a warm bath and put in about two cups of apple cider vinegar. Vinegar promotes your body’s natural pH balance can can decrease the development of yeast.

Eating foods makes it much easier for yeast to grow in your system. If you find that your bad eating habits might be related to your infections, eat more nuts, nuts and fruits instead.

TIP! Keep your vaginal area clean. Wash your genital area carefully and thoroughly, making sure to clean behind and around all the folds of skin.

Always wear cotton undies to keep from contracting a yeast infections. Synthetic fabric tends to trap moisture and yeast thrives in moist areas. Be sure it’s 100% cotton material and always change undergarments following a workout or other exertion. This can help you dry and infection-free.

TIP! Are you getting enough sleep at night? Your immune system can go a long way in defending against yeast infections. However, if you don’t get enough sleep, your immune system could take a hit, which will increase your odds of

…

Tips To Avoid Yeast Infections In The Future

by Josueกรกฎาคม 20, 2021

TIP! Always have fresh clothing on hand if you perform any exerting activities. This can be beneficial when it comes to preventing yeast infections, because you don’t trap heat and moisture against your skin.

Yeast infections cause discomfort and unpleasant. It is important that you seek medical help, there are some things you can do at home to reduce the symptoms of a yeast infection. Read on to understand how people have come across some common ways you can keep yourself healthy and free from infection.

TIP! Things that are scented or caustic should be avoided. These items can cause redness and irritation in your vaginal region.

Dry off completely after you shower to prevent yeast infections. Excess moisture in the vaginal area can cause yeast growth and subsequent infections. Yeast needs moisture to grow, so make sure that you dry efficiently.

TIP! Yogurt contains lactobacillius acidophilis. Acidophilus is a good type of bacteria found in most yogurts (check labels) and can be eaten or applied to the vagina to help prevent and stop yeast infections.

Avoid anything scented near the vaginal area. Scented sprays and soaps irritate the area and increase the chances of having a yeast infection. It is very important not to use scented tampons because they come in direct contact with your vagina. Avoid the dyes present in colored toilet papers.

TIP! Eat more yogurt. If you begin to feel yeast infection symptoms, like itching or burning, eat some yogurt.

Avoid undergarments made of lace and other synthetic underwear as they make you more prone to a yeast infection.Plain cotton will allow you to remain dry, whereas the nylons and lace of fancy panties hold in your body’s moisture. This leads to yeast and irritation.

Birth Control

TIP! Practice proper hygiene to reduce the bacteria on your skin in an effort to fight yeast infections. Wash your genitals thoroughly and clean every fold down there.

Avoid using diaphrams and condoms if you use a cream for the infection. The cream has the potential of some birth control. Avoid sexual intercourse until the yeast infection has cleared up. If you still want to have sex, you should consult with your doctor as to which method of birth control would be the most appropriate.

TIP! Avoid synthetic fibers and tight clothing. Anything which rests against your skin also traps moisture there.

Try eating more yogurt intake if you constantly have yeast infections. Yogurt contains good bacteria and cultures that give you healthier vaginal flora back in balance. You can stay healthy by consuming yogurt daily.

TIP! If you have to take antibiotics, you have to work extra hard to prevent a yeast infection. While antibiotics have their purpose, they can also decrease the levels of good bacteria in the body.

Eat more sugar-free yogurt and natural yogurts. Garlic can help in the retardation or prevent yeast infections. You can find garlic pills at a health food retailer or at your breath won’t smell.

Area Thoroughly

TIP! Use area-specific

…

Great Guide On How To Effectively Overcome Yeast Infection

by Josueกรกฎาคม 19, 2021

TIP! See the doctor immediately if you think you’re suffering from a yeast infection. Allowing the yeast infection to go untreated will only cause it to worsen.

It is often be embarrassing to have to deal with yeast infections. Some women will feel too ashamed of having a yeast infection that they do not even go to the doctor.

Remove wet clothing right away.Wearing damp clothing will encourage the growth of yeast.Dry yourself thoroughly before you put on dry clothing.

TIP! If you are prone to getting yeast infections, consider taking pain relieving medications, such as ibuprofen or aspirin. Taking these can help to reduce any pain or discomfort associated with yeast infections.

This environment can be very friendly to yeast growth. Choose garments that are manufactured from natural fibers such as cotton. These materials are breathable fabrics.Avoid synthetic material like Lycra, Lycra and nylon. These fabrics will trap sweat and lock in the skin to breathe.

Yeast Infections

TIP! Enjoy a relaxing bath with a cup or two of cider vinegar poured into the bath. Vinegar can help you to maintain a healthy pH level, which will decrease yeast growth.

Try eating more yogurt if you constantly have yeast infections. Yogurt contains good bacteria and cultures that give you healthier vaginal flora. Consuming at least a cup of plain yogurt daily has been shown to stave off yeast infections and makes you healthier in the process.

TIP! Baths that use heavily scented deodorizers should be avoided by those sensitive or prone to yeast infection. These scents can cause more bacteria on your skin, and yield an infection.

Avoid perfumed soaps and bubble baths in order to avoid yeast infections. The chemicals in the products can promote yeast infections. Also avoid scented sanitary napkins or tampons because they have a similar effect.

TIP! Start eating more garlic and yogurt without sugar. Garlic prevents yeast infections and can slow them down.

Tea tree oil happens to be a fantastic natural remedy that is quite effective in curing your yeast infections. Mix this oil with some sweet almond oil and apply it on the infected area. Do make sure to mix tea tree oil with at least one other ingredient, as this can cause burning and discomfort. This is a great way to fight infections and bring balance back to the female organs.

TIP! A great natural remedy is tea tree oil. It is helpful in killing the yeast.

If your period is a precursor to a yeast infection, get proactive. Take an acidophilus tablets before and after your period. You will notice that symptoms are greatly alleviated or even eradicated. Taking proactive stance like this can help you to eliminate your bouts with yeast infections.

TIP! Cotton panties stop yeast infections better than any other fiber. Materials of a synthetic nature are avoided due to their ability to retain a good supply of moisture.

Eating a cup full of plain yogurt every day can work to prevent yeast infections. The good …

Get Rid Of Your Yeast Infections With These Tips

by Josueกรกฎาคม 18, 2021

TIP! If you spend time in a sauna or a pool, take off your damp swimsuit as soon as you can. Do not spend any more time in damp clothing than you have to, because it creates an ideal environment for yeast growth.

Yeast infections cause discomfort and unpleasant. It is important that you seek medical help, there are some things you can do at home to reduce the symptoms of a yeast infection. Keep reading to discover great methods for some suggestions on keeping the yeast infections from growing too much and causing you discomfort.

TIP! If you are likely to get yeast infections repeatedly, consider using different bathing products. Avoid any soap or cleanser that contain dyes or fragrance.

If you are prone to regularly getting yeast inspections, it might be time to switch your bath products. Don’t use soaps or cleansers that are scented. They change your pH and can cause an infection. You ought to just use products that are mild and hypoallergenic products.

TIP! Do not use douche bags. You may have the impression that you are cleansing the vagina, but you need the bacterias that you are washing away.

Avoid any scented or irritating. Douches and body washes are used by many women. This makes you more vulnerable to yeast infections. Try to stick with only products that are mild and designed for that area of the body.

TIP! Stay away from fancy underwear if you have a history of yeast infections, even when they look really nice. Simple cotton panties are the healthiest to wear.

Avoid wearing tight clothing and synthetic fabrics. Tight undergarments restricts airflow and traps moisture and heat from escaping. Yeast usually thrives in moist and warm environments where air isn’t able to circulate. Look for clothes made in breathable fabrics like cotton and ensure they are not tight.

TIP! Eating more yogurt could help you fight off yeast infections. Yogurt has healthy probiotics and bacteria and that can fight imbalances in your natural vaginal flora.

Increase prevention activities if you are taking antibiotics. Antibiotics are meant to eliminate bacteria, they can also have an impact on the natural bacteria found in the vagina. You need good bacteria in order to fight off yeast infections.

Yeast Infection

TIP! To help combat yeast infections, increase the amount of sugar-free yogurt and garlic you consume. Garlic is a great food for reduction and prevention in treating yeast infections.

You can transmit a yeast infection quite easily. Do not resume sexual activity until a week after the yeast infection is gone. If you have an infected mouth or throat, don’t kiss anyone and be sure to wash all silverware thoroughly after you finish eating.

TIP! Some women get yeast infections associated with their period. Use a pro-biotic like acidophilus or lactinex before and after your period.

Change clothes immediately after you finish swimming to reduce moisture on your workout. You should never leave on your sweaty or wet clothing. Yeast does quite well …

Easy Ways On How To Deal With Yeast Infection

by Josueกรกฎาคม 17, 2021

You may feel itching at first. Before long, you have a full blown yeast infection. Many women worldwide experience this very same thing.

Remove wet clothing right away.Wearing damp clothing will encourage yeast growth. Dry off completely before you change your clothes.

TIP! Douching is a four letter word for a yeast sufferer. This is sold as a cleanser, but the body naturally cleanses itself.

You may have the impression that you are cleansing the vagina, but they actually help throw your pH balance off. If you disrupt your body’s natural balance, yeast infections tend to crop up more regularly. It is enough to just wash this area with water and soap the area.

TIP! Never use scented products near the vagina. You can get irritated and cause a yeast infection by using irritating scented sprays or cleansers.

Avoid synthetic fibers to prevent yeast infection. Cotton wicks away moisture and heat, while other materials hold all of the moisture in. This helps breed yeast and makes way for another infection.

Healthy Bacteria

TIP! Putting apple cider vinegar in your bath is a great idea. Vinegar helps naturally balance the pH levels of your vagina; thus diminishing the yeast.

If you’re noticing burning or itching, such as burning or itching, so you should eat some yogurt as soon as possible. The medical benefits hidden within the healthy bacteria which are excellent for battling an oncoming infection. This healthy bacteria it needs to diminish the yeast.

TIP! Avoid bath products that are scented. Scented products encourage the growth of yeast which can lead to an infection.

Tea tree oil are terrific natural remedy for helping fight against yeast infections. Mix this oil with some sweet almond oil and apply it on the infected area. Do make sure to mix tea tree oil with at least one other ingredient, as it may cause burning. This is a great way to fight infections and restore balance back to the female area.

Yeast Infection

TIP! Try to eat a cup of yogurt each day to keep yeast infections at bay. The beneficial bacteria in yogurt can prevent yeast from growing in the first place.

If you incur a yeast infection each time your menstrual cycle occurs, start being proactive. Take a few acidophilus tablet before and after your period. You will notice that symptoms are greatly alleviated or gone altogether. Taking decisive action is a good way to prevent yeast infection from even beginning.

Eating a cup full of plain yogurt every day can help prevent yeast infections. The bacterias in yogurt help fight against the organisms that cause a yeast infection.

Yeast Infections

TIP! Be careful of scrapes or scratches. Perforations in the vaginal area can increase the risk of yeast infections.

Eating too much sugar makes your body a likely place for yeast infections. If you discover that poor eating habits may be contributing to your yeast infections, try switching out sugary snacks with fruits, vegetables and fruits instead.

TIP! Use a gentle

…

How To Help Your Body Help Itself When Yeast Infections Are A Problem

by Josueกรกฎาคม 16, 2021

TIP! When you have completed any activity that causes heat increase and sweating, change your clothes. This keeps your vaginal area dry and less likely to grow yeast.

Many women worldwide struggle with at least one yeast infection generally once during their life. One problem they have is that they’re not sure how best to minimize their effects. The piece that will help keep you aware of educational tips about yeast infections.

TIP! To decrease your risk of getting a yeast infection, make sure you dry yourself thoroughly after showers. Yeast loves moisture.

This live culture is found in many yogurts and can be consumed by eating a cup of the infection. When purchasing this yogurt look for these live cultures within a sugar-free product. Sugar can actually feed the culture’s job performance because it feeds the infection.

Cider Vinegar

TIP! Get your rest at night. Your immune system is your best defense against infections.

Add 2 cups of apple cider vinegar with your daily bathwater and you’ll quickly enjoy the medical benefits. Vinegar will help to balance your natural pH level and diminish the growth of the yeast. Don’t sit in the bathtub longer than you usually do. You can also try a douche with 3 tablespoons of cider vinegar and warm water.

TIP! If a yeast infection hits you every time you get a period, start being proactive. Consume a couple of acidophilus tablets prior to the period starting, and a couple when it’s over.

If you’re noticing burning or itching, it could be a sign of a nasty yeast infection, so you should eat some yogurt as soon as possible. The medical benefits hidden within the healthy bacteria to your body. This gives your body the healthy bacteria can help fight off a yeast infection and will make it go away quicker.

TIP! Eating a cup full of plain yogurt daily can work to prevent a yeast infection. Yogurt contains bacteria that can help fight off a yeast infection.

If you get an infection when your period starts, start being proactive. Take a few acidophilus tablet before and after your period. You will find that symptoms are greatly alleviated or even eradicated. This type of proactive can help stop an infection before it has the chance to start.

TIP! If you get regular yeast infections, look at what you eat. Eating too many foods high in sugar makes your body a likely place for yeast infections.

Eating foods high in sugar makes your body a likely place for yeast infections. If you consume a lot of foods that are high in sugar, change your snacks to naturally sweet fruits along with crunchy nuts and vegetables.

TIP! Douching is a common cause of a yeast infection. Although many women feel that this will prevent a yeast infection by cleansing the body, it really does the opposite.

Always wear cotton undies to keep from getting yeast infection. Synthetic fabric tends to trap wetness that promotes yeast thrives in moist …